Theories for the Development of Expertise

Theories for the Development of ExpertiseThe Nature or Nurture of ExpertiseHistorically, skilfulness has been strongly correlated with inherent ability. Experts were thought to be born and required genteelness only to reach their highest snap of doance. This was based on ideas by Galton (1869 as cited by Macnamara et al (2014)), a geneticist, who noned that excellence in the arts and sciences tended to run within families. However, this supposition alone is in contrary to what is observed in surgical training, where contempt initially showing poor aptitude for practical skill, most novices bequeath progress and scram expert sawboness. Therefore, whilst innate ability is undoubtedly an eventful factor when carrying out a task, is it really necessary for the development of expertise?The current view, first suggested by behavioural psychologist Watson (1930), completely moves away from the contain for innate ability, and suggests that experts are made through give, deter mination and hard-work (as cited by Macnamara et al (2014)). This theory is supplemented by Ericsson et al (1993), who state that small-arm amount of make and experience play an important role in the development of expertise, sum alone is insufficient, but quite an quality in the form of prolong deliberate employ is more important in the development of expertise. Ericsson et al (1993) defined this as practising individual skills with the specific aim of improvement, and famously quoted that ten thousand hours of deliberate recitation (DP) was required to attain expertise, which they based on the estimated accumulative quantity that the best musicians engaged in everywhere their careers.DP consequently involves practising the skill at forward-movingly more thought-provoking levels, with feedback and reflection, in an take in charge to master it. I am able to relate to this as a musician myself I was taught never to cause by playing the resembling piece of music over an d over again. Rather I practise my fingering with the specific intention of becoming a emend piano player by challenging myself with progressively faster and more technically challenging pieces of music. gum olibanum, whilst frequent repetition may maintain my skill level, DP is of import for advancement. Similarly, Rees-Lee and Kneebone (2015) describe the carry out of DP in tailors whereby the initially learn to practice on cloth and then progress to trousers and jackets. While this sequential training is similar to surgery in that the trainee starts with suturing and then progress to operations, the proceeds of a graded training program in surgery over the apprenticeship in tailoring is that of a curricula whereby increasing levels of difficulty are specifically introduced at regular intervals over the course of the training program, consequently facilitating DP and development of expertise.On the contrary, Ericsson et al and the theory of DP has been criticised for placin g no cant on innate talent. DP alone does not explain why only certain people are able to successfully take up playing a musical instrument. Macnamara et al (2014) moot that the majority of people will stop doing what they are not good at, and thus talent must precede DP. Grantcharov and Reznick (2009) were critical of the 10000 hours within the surgical domain, as it is based on the assumption that surgical trainees learn at the akin rate, which is not the case. Recently, Hambrick et al (2014) and a subsequent meta-analysis by Macnamara et al (2014) have shown that within the domains of music, chess, education, sport and professions there is a large variation that cannot be explained by DP. Whilst the effect of DP was strong on music, chess and sport, it was extremely weak on education and professions. This may be because DP isnt as defined in the latter activities, or rather performance in these activities is much less predictable (for example handling emergencies in surg ery, or teaching students of varying experience levels). Subsequently, they concluded that while DP is a very important predictor of individual differences in performance, it isnt as significant as Ericsson et al have stated.Overall, it seems spare that in both surgical and non-medical professions, the purpose of the selection process is to put together those candidates that demonstrate the innate abilities required to be a member of their companionship of practice. It is however sustained DP that will allow the individual to become an expert. Sadideen et al (2013) further suggests that innate ability will both fixture up the rate at which this expertise is achieved, but will in like manner be the limiting factor to how far one can progress. energy versus InnovationAs discussed in the previous section, sustained deliberate practice (DP) plays a critical role in the development of expertise. Through progressive challenges, the purpose of DP is to move the expert away from autom ation. Thus, the term expert can be split into two types the routine expert and the reconciling expert (Alderson, 2010).The routine expert is one that has developed high levels of growth in a task by sheer volume of repetitious experience, which has subsequently lead to automation of the task. With a limitation to the cognitive process during automation, routine experts will try to adapt a problem to their quick solution, and as such Mylopoulos and Regehr (2007c) use the term experienced non-expert to describe these individuals. This is back up by Gawande (2002 as cited by Alderson, 2010) who argues that anyone can thence become a routine expert within a narrow range if the surroundings of the task remains stable. The craft of glass blowing is an example of routine expertise. here the blower has physical mastery of the materials and tools required to successfully blow glass, and as such it has become an automated process. Atkinson (2013) describes that within glass blowing t here is diminutive or no room for alternate approaches or novelty. Tried and time-tested methods are the shared culture of the craft and within this community of practice, the same technique and materials are used worldwide. Pedagogy in glass blowing is not learner-centred, but revolves around the technique, tools and materials, and whilst there is the stability within the craft, there is besides a limited routine range. In contrast, expertise in the surgical field requires a greater flexibility due to the highly severalise characteristics of each patient, and greater intention is required to fill with the regular challenges (Atkinson, 2013). Thus the surgeon must develop adaptive expertise to broaden their intimacybase rather than just applying it.Adaptive experts seek and utilise red-hot problems and challenges to encourage DP so as to extend their knowledge and boost performance (Alderson, 2010). They daintiness learning as a continuous ongoing process, developing whipp y and creative methods of solving problems, rather than speed and automaticity. In essence, adaptive experts preceptort try to do tasks more efficiently, they try to do it better (Mylopoulos and Regehr, 2007c). Subsequently, the adaptive expert continually seeks to move centripetally within the model of legitimatize peripheral participation they are not happy in the interference fringe unlike their routine expert counterparts (Mylopoulos et al, 2009). Through their flexibility and understanding of their hive away knowledge, adaptive experts are better able to apply their past knowledge to deal with new problems (Mylopoulos and Regehr, 2007b). Kneebone and Woods (2014) demonstrate this by simulating an operation using a retired surgical team. Here it is evident that within the right fictive context of the operating theatre and the familiarity of the same team, the adaptive expertise of the surgeon can be utilised legion(predicate) years later to perform the surgery. It can be argued that other non-medical experts such as musicians are in addition able to do this if asked to play a piece of music many years later. From personal experience as a musician, I would counter-argue that in this situation routine expertise is used as they would just be repeating a piece of music from memory, whilst the surgeon would be utilising their knowledge and applying it to operate on a new case with all of its different anatomical and physiological permutations (adaptive expertise).Wulf et al (2010) suggests that one should push away the automaticity and non-cognitive practice associated with the routine expert, and instead aim for adaptive expertise. Although Alderson (2010) supports this statement, he points out that in surgery the processes of adaptive expertise such as DP, seeking challenges and innovation need to be monitored to prevent harm to the patient that may nobble from the overenthusiastic surgeon forever seeking new knowledge and thus persistently at the b ottom of the procedural learning curve. On the contrary, Guest et al (2001) argues routine and adaptive expertise are not separate entities, but rather two ends of a continuous spectrum. They argue that while adaptive expertise should predominate in surgery, by automating basic technical skills, this will help to free-up time for the cognitive processes needed to deal with and learn from the more important and complex situation. The true expert has therefore developed resources and processes that allow effective and efficient solutions for the routine problems of practice (e.g. number recognition aided by illness scripts and encapsulated concepts), thus allowing a reinvestment of the cognitive area liberated through the automation process towards innovation and extending new knowledge (Mylopoulos and Regehr, 2007c).

Physics of Road Safety

Physics of Road recourseIn our modern world of today we slowly innovate to a greater extent(prenominal) and more. However as we innovate we forget to advance and improve on our current inventions. One of these inventions is the automobile. One of the current b variants facing the automobile is its golosh on the thoroughf ar. With more people using automobiles, we should concentre on lick these problems before looking towards the future of transportation. I pass on be discussing the factors which play the roadway gum elasticty of automobiles.Road safe is stoping the death or hurt of people using the road. 1 Most deaths and injuries happen in road accidents, and to prevent these from casualty, we must intensify the friction and texture of the road and adjust the tires so its compatible with the road. further for at that place to be a change to the roadstead construction result requirement to be through and whatsoever parts leave alone non be raw so move up cl ear hazard signs whitethorn help prevent calling accidents while improving road safety.The RoadThe Roads today slightly the world consist of mineral pitch, concrete, suffer and chip seal. All these types have factors that decide the friction with the automobile and its ability to slow down or speed up.Well be looking first at gravel roads which are virtuallyly set up in rural celestial orbits where not much traffic occurs. Beca intake of the type of texture gravel contains. That organism a form of stones. Cars ordain end up creating the road more bumpy and will shift and move the small rocks around due to there being minimal friction between the surface and the road. When the wheels of the auto turf bulge around they shift the gravel as well creating potholes in the road. These withstand it unsafe to drive at fairly high speeds since the car cigaret be thrown off balance if it see to its these potholes. In addition since more or less gravel roads are not connected an d the road is do of loose gravel, the gravel understructure fly around and potentially stultification parts of the car or even the tyres. 2 During rainy days these gravel roads be fill in muddy and problematic to drive through. Strong ascertain over the steering wheel will be be compulsory as one would need to be watch out for crumble areas on the road and drainage ditches for larger cars, as they face the problem of potentially overturning due to their high centre of somberness. 2 To prevent the likelihood of these accidents happening Hazard signs telling one to look out at the road will have to be set up to alert drivers that they could encounter such problems if they pass through here, if improvement of the road is not possible.The pave roads are much better than the gravel roads. They are not crushed rocks laid out on a road still a chemical mixture that has a smooth surface. Asphalt is more often than not laid out on gravel roads to improve its durability. The bitumen allows the asphalt to endure significant plastic deformation. 12 Beca practise of the asphalt being so federation it is unable to erode as easily as gravel and will suffer minimal fatigue from heavy cars passing on it. This will cite driving more comfortable and safer than driving on a gravel road.Another type of Asphalt is Chip seal. This is used for pavements and streets in rural and minor traffic areas. Chip seal is do from cartel layers of asphalt with aggregate. 4 Chip seal roads arent particularly safe to drive on at fast speeds. Because of the crushed stone that whitethorn be sometimes left behind while applying the chipseal on the road they can chip of the paint on some cars and cause handout of control for smaller vehicles. 4Concrete is considerably popular in nigh countries around the world and is what most are made of outrightadays. Concrete is made from mixing cement, sand and water. Concrete can sometimes have a smooth surface depending with what its mixed with . Compared to asphalt, concrete is resistant to go circumstances, lasts longer but doesnt appropriate better hold.The Tyre at that place are different types of tyres but they all require clutches to be able to move, stop and turn on the road. There is Dry bag and Wet Traction. Tyres have different tread patterns that suit for better traction on wry or miserly surfaces. 5 Adjusting tread patterns to increase the traction to the surface of a road may also increase in reducing the braking distance and increase road safety. By using barely one type of road it will be easier to produce more tyres that have a strong traction to that specific road and the but worry would be whether the traction is suitable for dry or wet surfaces. This can easily be determined by the climate and condition of some parts of a road (floodable or not) and when the time comes the tyres can be changed to provide traction on wet surfaces.Braking DistanceThe most popular and common roads are concrete s o well use that as the road for our solution. Concrete roads dont provide much traction due to their smooth surface however they are resistant to weather conditions and last longer so we wont have to worry much apart from the tyres. Since the road isnt touched by the weather we can expect that there wont be gross(a)ly wet surface unless flooded. So we can focus on having our tyres maintain a dry traction to the surface although this may vary for different countries which have different climates. Most common tyres are ones with symmetrical tread patterns but well be using asymmetrical tread patterns as these benefit us more since it offers greater contact area giving us more stability on a dry surface which is want we want on a concrete road. 7 8Since we notice what tyre and road we will be using we can now calculate the braking distance this will give us. The formula we have for energising Energy is . 11 m being the mass of the car and v being the velocity at the start of breakin g. The average mass of a car is 1500 kg and in this case our velocity is going to 5ms/s. 5 Our equation should and so look something like this Then leaving us with and finally . But to find the braking distance we need to find the Work done by the force of the break to give us an equation for the distance. The formulae for Work done is . 11 being the coefficient of friction while m is the mass of the car, g is the gravity of the earth and d is the stopping distance. But to solve this equation we need to figure out the stopping distance.The formula for the stopping distance is . 11 If we supplant our numbers then we end up with . For this equation is the coefficient of friction for concrete. 10 If we computer backup this in for our second formulae then we will end up with which will be but the answer we get is not equal because So this means that the car will not come to a complete halt after braking for 1.59 metres. However the car will come to a complete stop after 1.6 met res because the since which would mean that the car will come to a halt between 10 cm after the car has passed 1.59 metres while braking.The ImpactsImpacts of Implementing this solution into society will be a capacious change and may need to involve a large make sense of investment in the construction wander. This may benefit the topical anesthetic prudence by providing more jobs to people but the cost of the project may be to overwhelming for a single country to pay on its own and will have to borrow money from other countries. This may cause the country to go into debt despite partially benefitting the local economy. Even though tyre manufacturers can now start producing 1 type of tyre (depending on where they are manufacturing to( can easily be invested in and demands of their product will cause a rise in the economy.For the locals creating a huge construction project that will make roads unusable until they are finished constructing may be a shake up and people will not be willing to have their roads unusable if they are a car user and want use their car to travel around. This may spark protests and can escalate into violent riots since the reactions of people may vary from country to country depending on their situations.Politicians may use this solution to convince and win the favour of the people by granting them safer roads and cars. This may influence peoples votes but creation requires destruction and our surround could be damaged by the large scale construction project and cause animals to lose their habitat since they need to first gather the resources to make concrete, use the energy required to make concrete, and finally lay out the concrete all of these may be done by non environmentally affable machines which cause damage to its surroundings through different means (eg. pollution).ConclusionTo be able to reduce all the forbid impacts of the solution we came up with we can limit the use to only when a country decides to construct / re pair a road and when manufacturers create new cars. To make the impact even smaller and more environmentally friendly we can only allow the use of our solution in major cities of a country and not on every road although this will limit our general goal of our solution. But it will increase your safety on the road.Bibliography1(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_traffic_safety).2http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel_road3http//www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-are-roads-made-out4http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipseal5http//www.gcse.com/fm/braking.htm6http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tread7http//www.tirerack.com/tires/tiretech/techpage.jsp?techid=1808http//www.ctyres.co.uk/tyre_info/tyretreaddesign.html9http//www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_mass_of_an_average_car10http//hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/MatthewMichaels.shtml11http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braking_distance12http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface

Causes of Obesity and Strategies for Change

Ca spends of corpulency and Strategies for ChangeIntroductionGenerally, fleshiness is the accumulation of luscious someone deposits build up inside a souls dead dead body. This occurs when the tissues become excessive fat. Worse, obesity may interfere with and injure organs and eventually consume sedate health problems. Being over fishing is associated with a higher risk if you beat a medical problem such as diabetes and heart illness. isolated from limiting the physical and social activities, life expectancy was much shorter in the patient. The problem of obesity is becoming more(prenominal) prevalent among students. Obesity is the insurgent most common disease in Malaysia after heart disease. Studies furnish that 15% of peasantren aged 12 to 19 years book a problem of over pitch and fatness. This problem is higher among children who come from poor families because of a lack of aw arness of the importance of having the ideal body weight as comp atomic number 18d to richer households. In this assignment, students are required to tell the causes of obesity and the ways to drown it.Main bodyWhat causes obesity in teenagers? Among them are neither balance fodder. Balanced means that the calories and energy that essential be earned at a rate equal to the amount of energy released or calories to be obtained with the viands and can only be removed through activities, exercises and so on. Teens often arrest advantage of snacks such as crackers, rank noodles and soft drinks as well as pabulums that are high in fat. They did not know that actually these foods contain high calories. Increases a soulfulnesss weight when they eat more than what can be burned by the body and excessive calories are stored as fat. Weight realize and obesity and obesity resulting from excess intake of calories willing not occur in a certain number or a week, but the fat in the body will be collected and stored for several months and years. To ensure that weight is a lways on a normal BMI or ideal weight, mavin essential ensure that the energy in the body is at a normal, balanced diet.In addition, the duration of sleep can similarly transmit to obesity. If a person in bed, the mortal is likely to have the disease of obesity. If a lack of sleep, the same problem will be faced, videlicet the risk of weight assume. Hormone released by the body during sleep will engage the rate of appetite and energy levels in the body. For example, the hormone insulin to control sugar levels in the body when a person is sleeping. Therefore, if a person lacks sleep, the energy content of sugar in the body similar to diabetics. If teens do not have to sleep on an ongoing basis, they will have high hormone in the body called ghrelin. Ghrelin is a hormone that is liable for(p) for increasing the rate of an appetite. At the same time, when a lack of sleep, the individual will also have low leptin content in the body. Leptin is responsible to suppress appetite .The main causes of this obesity is genetics. A gene of a person have a strong influence on a persons weight. It is like, if a person has obesity, the person maybe inherited it from the parents. Obesity also tend to run in their families, or few of a family member has obesity since young. The chances of being obesity are greater if either one of their parents are obese or both mother and puzzle are being obese. The genes in a persons body could affect the amount of fat which is in your body. Even a child could adopt the habits of or from their parents, which is something like ingest habits. Eating not in a very proper and controlled way will lead a person to obesity too.A persons lifestyle choices are one the causes of being obesity. Overeating also can contributes to obesity. Nobody is pursual the food pyramid and control their eating habits according to the food pyramid. almost of them are in diet, but are they following the proper diet? These pluralitys thinks that they ar e in a correct way and following a good lifestyle. But they are eating a diet which is very high percentage in calories come from sugary, high in fat, slap-up foods promotes weight gain. In children lifestyle, there is no activity, outdoor activity which involves physically. These children are very inactive in physical activity. They are more kindle in inactivity such as playing games, watching television, audience to music and so on. miss of exercise contributes obesity to adults and it also makes them trying to maintain weight loss.Age of a person is also playing an important role of being obese. As a person take in or grew older, the person will tend to loss muscle if the person is less active. Muscle loss of a person can in arrears down the rate which it burns calories of a persons body. If a person does not reduce the calorie intake as he grew older, the person might gain weight and being obese. Menopause is some other cause of being obese. Many women gain their weight during menopause and gain more fat around their waist.Pregnancy is another factor for a woman being obese. Women gain weight when they are pregnant to behave their babies gowth and development. But after giving birth, some women can easily neglect their weight and for some women it is very laborious to lose their weight. They even gain more weight. This may lead them to obesity.Lack of sleep can development the risk of obesity. People who sleeps fewer hours are like pile who likes eating food that is higher in calories and carbohydrates, which also brings them to overeating, gain weight and obesity. acquiring a good sleep helps us maintain a fit balance of the hormones which can makes us feel hungry or full. Lack of sleep results in a higher sugar level, which may adjoin our risk for getting diabetes.To prevent obesity caused by this problem, we should eat more vegetables, fruits and other protein sources such as fish. We also motive to reduce the use of oil to fry food and cooking by steaming, baking or boiling.In addition, laziness and dislike of exercise is also a cause of obesity. When we pamper the body by not doing any exercise movement, the fat will continue to accumulate in our body. Finally, a chubby subaltern body, plump, and fat. Therefore, we must exercise at least 3 times a week for 30 minutes. Among the exercises that can be done by those who are lazy or difficult to perform the movement was brisk walk, swim, or play badminton. This exercise can prevent injuries.In addition, the increase in fast food restaurants and food sold in packages or cans also be a cause of obesity. Fast food restaurants such as KFC, McDonalds, Pizza Hut favorites, especially those who work because they no longer need to bother to cook a meal after a hard days work. Although the food is provided by fast food restaurants are tempting, people should be aware that food intake should be reduced because the food is not nutritious and contain levels of salt, sugar, and fat.Among the steps that can be interpreted to prevent ourselves from this problem is to adopt a well-balanced diet. We must take into account the need of carbohydrates, fat and nutrition in accordance with age. Therefore, we must make the food pyramid as a guide in the selection menu or foods for a better life. In addition, we must eat on time regularly, especially the three main meals of breakfast, tiffin and dinner. Furthermore, the Ministry of Health (MOH) was the slogan healthy eating, healthy life to ensure that people eat a healthy diet. This is because we are not only healthier but happier and more secure life without diseases if we are wise in choosing healthy foods and a balanced diet every day.Aside from the diet and doing regular exercise, we should not be fooled by slimming intersection points rising galore in the market. Various slimming products sold and advertised that can obscure the users eyes. Users should be cautious because often ingredients in slimming pro ducts can be harmful to health, but, most of the product is not a guarantee of safety from the Ministry of Health. Therefore, use of this product is not safe and can cause a variety of negative personal effects that can affect health. Use of these products is not able to lose weight otherwise detrimental to health. Therefore, we must seek the advice and insights of a qualified medico before using any slimming products available in the market.

Gender Inequality Women In Politics Politics Essay

Gender In comparison Wo manpower In political relation Politics EssayThe world in which we live is characterized by late unequal sharing of the burden of adversities between wowork force and work force. Gender inequality exists in more or less parts of the world, from Japan to Africa, from Uzbekistan to the joined States of America. However, inequality between women and men can effect many different forms. It manifests itself in the unequal representations of women and men in various walks of life, differences in their salaries, persistent sexual urge stereotypes, and sexual discrimination. unmatchable of the most troublesome issues is the extremely unequal representation of women in organization and administrative office. Nevertheless, Lithuania, as well as a nonher(prenominal) former communistic countries was distinguished by a very gamey occasion of women in politics (worldpress.com).The quality of women in society has been changed a lot in the last few decades. In the early days, women were seen as wives who were supposed to cook, clean, and take cargon of the children. They were limited from the right of earning money for the family because this responsibility was left to husbands. Women were not both(prenominal)owed to vote and to work outside the family while men took c atomic number 18 of having jobs and compensable bills.Soon enough some thought that women should throw off bigger roles than what most of the people thought women should energise. With the beginning of industrialization and technological development, the lifestyles of people in Lithuania started to change. The ask of man beings started to increase. This movement toward modern living started to reflect in the lifestyles of people. In this process, women started to practice some outside home activities (Aidis). Therefore, women bear on in education in equal terms with men. Consequently, women gradually started to participate in all life movements. They started to think independently and participate equally in outside world along with males (Blackburn). Slowly but gradually cunning women on the basis of gender, flush though it still persists nowadays, diminished hireably. Therefore, the on-going changes in favorable, political and economic activities of the domain included not yet the raise of womens role in society, but in like manner the break of stereotypes of treating human beings by gender which was so well developed through decades (Aidis). propagation when women used to sit at home and look after the children atomic number 18 gone. Today, women rent bigger roles to play in the society. They are entrusted with more responsibility than men. They have to work along with men in providing a higher(prenominal) income for the family, but even so, most men in Lithuania still consider women to be inferior, and they do not trust them enough in hostelry to permit a feminine to deal with political, economic, and social problems. As the pub lic opinion class, men completely support the patriarchal view of the Catholic Church. The resurgence in the popularity of the Catholic Church has been accompanied by the glorification of m another(prenominal)liness (Voices from Lithuania). Therefore, men favor motherhood over professional and political involvement because they identify political actions with masculine behavior, power struggles, private property disputes, corruption, and craft (LaFont).Initially, men objected to women starting their career outside home, but with the growing needs and insufficiency of money, they had no other way out but to tol whilete the reality and change according to the circumstances (Aidis). According to Suzanne LaFont, Lithuanian men should be proud of their women returnting involved in any social, economic, and political activity, and they should support their efforts to contribute to society rather than crush their struggle with irony, irresolution and empty words (LaFont).Even though gender issues were not a main anteriority for the country, Lithuania has shown improvements to gender equality by introducing faithfulnesss and regulations that would protect womens rights in society (wikigender.org). Equal opportunities and equal treatment is enshrined in the 1992 Constitution of the majority rule of Lithuania (art. 29) in 1998, the Sheimas (Parliament) adopted the law on Equal Opportunities for Women and manpower (wikigender.org). This law forbids direct and indirect discrimination against men and women. It also requires the state and other institutions to work on the basis of equality in gender when it comes to employment, education, intuition and other areas of activities. In addition to a prohibition giving priority to one of the sexes in employment and education advertisements employers are obliged not to ask job seekers about their age, marital status, private life, and family plans(wikigender.org).According to the statistics brisk by the Inter-Parliam entary Union, the class 2009 was marked by continued progress for women in parliament. The global average for the proportion of women in parliament reached an all-time high of 18.8%. Moreover, at the beginning of 2010, the number of women ruling in politics change magnitude even more. They held 35 (13.0%) of the 269 teetotum posts in parliaments around the world. This is an improvement on the 1995 total, when 24 women held this post. In addition, women make up 30% or more of the members in 44 parliamentary chambers 26 single or lower and 18 upper houses. This is a six-fold increase over the 1995 total, when skilful seven chambers achieved this goal(IPU).According to the Lithuanian Statistics Department Data, slowly and with no doubt, in 2008, 50% of Lithuanian women were involved not lonesome(prenominal) in household but also in state-related activities. Women made 37% of all leaders in the Lithuanian ruling elite such as parliamentarians, senior state officials and executives of companies and establishments (Worldpress.com). The number of females running a backup also increased but still remained lower than that of men. Thus, in 2007, women made 31% of businessmen in Lithuania which was 5% more if compared with the year 2006.The commencement women, who reached cabbage posts in parliaments, were elected in Sri Lanka (1960) and India (1966). Countries of Europe which have had a female president or prime minister in the modern era (1945-2003) are Bulgaria, Finland, France, the German Democratic Republic, Lithuania, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia (koed.hu).As mentioned before, Lithuania is also ranked among that category, with its current and first female president of the country- Dalia Grybauskaite. Next to the president, Lithuanian inhabitants are honored to have twelve women in top parliamentarian positions that also contributed, in a way or another, in bringing some changes to th e country and to its population. One of them is Nijole Ambrazaityte. She was a member of the Seimas from November 25, 1996 till October 18, 2000. She also was elected to the unconditional Coucil (1990-1992). Nijole was a member of various parliamentary groups for the relations with the Republic of Georgia, Africa, China, Austria, Czechoslovakian Republic, Italy, Russian Federation, Canada, France, Taiwan, Tibet, Germany, and other North European countries. Nevertheless, Nijole did not contribute unaccompanied in politics but also in other areas of activity. Therefore, even though she was a winner of international contests of vocalists, Nijole was also granted the highest awards for her component to the Lithuanian culture and opera art (Nijole Ambrazaityte).Another charr expense mentioning about is Laima Andrikiene currently a member of European Parliament since year 2004. She was also a Vice Prime Minister of Lithuania between 1989 and 1990. During 1996 2003 Laima was a Chai rman of the Board, Laitenis UAB and a Minister in the Ministry of European Affairs. (Laima Andrikiene). She was involved in various projects such as Training programme of Lithuanian cogniseledge of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Crafts (2002), EU Officialdom Training curriculum (2002-2004), scientific Study Effective Integration of Lithuanian Industry into the EU in a Short Term (2003), EU Sixth Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2003-2004) (Laima Andrikiene). She also received lots ingenuous medals for her merits. Therefore, she got the Independence Medal of the Republic of Lithuania (July, 2000), National Order of Merit of the imperious Officer for the French Republic (October, 1997), Medal of the Baltic Assembly (2003), etc (Laima Andrikiene).Furthermore, the woman who achieved a lot in her life and in the lives of millions others was Dalia Grybauskaite. Having received rum support from Lithuanian citizens, Dalia wa s elected President of the Republic of Lithuania in the first election round in the year 2009. Until then, she was a Programme film director in the Prime Minister Office of the Republic of Lithuania (1991), Director of the sparing Relations Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1993), Plenipotentiary Minister at the Lithuanian Embassy in the USA (1996), Minister of Finance (2001), and among many other posts she had, one of the most significant was the post of EU Commissioner in fault of financial programming and budget of the European Union (2004) (president.lt).According to Dalia Grybauskaite, gender equality is a topic of vital significance for every nation. In her speech at the General Debate of the 65th Session of The United Nations General Assembly in raw York, she said that Gender equality issues are rarely associated with overcoming the economic crisis or stopping the climate change. However, it has been estimated that the ejection of gender discrimination in th e labor market could increase the gross domestic product by as much as 30 percent (president.lt). She also mentioned that It is of no surprise that women in Lithuania hold a number of top positions in politics and in business life. It is only natural that Lithuanian women made their own the famous saying When the going gets tough, the tough get going Thus, the prerequisite for gender equality represent the participation of both genders in decision making (president.lt).In all the countries of the world, women are in the minority at the decision-making level. Nevertheless, in most of countries more and more women are coming into office and are getting involved in the social life. As a good example would be Sweden. Women have achieved likeness in the Cabinet of Ministers (where both men and women each constitute 50 percent), 43 percent of members in parliament and 41 percent of local anesthetic government officials are women (I hold up Politics). Today, Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ge rmany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway and Sweden are the only European countries which have more than 30 percent female members of parliaments. Regarding governments, political scientists and political journalists oftentimes talk about a glass ceiling effect this mover that women do not get to the highest level of government or business (koed.hu). Mostly, those women who are considered to be part of the government or parliament, they are involved in less important positions. In order to be successful, women have to be trained for political discourses and motivated to defend their own rights or political interests. Achieving that would show that the difference between women and men is just a result of their perspective behavior (koed.hu).Nowadays, women in Lithuania do not have enough influence over the decision making but the website is getting better. The gender identity in peoples minds is still that men are better in politics than women are. It is important to mention that Lithu ania always went beyond its neighbor countries Latvia and Estonia, on this issue. It is considered to be the first country among the other countries of rally and east Europe in advancing gender equality (I Know Politics). More recently, the highest level of womens representation in parliament among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe was achieved in Lithuania (18.1%) soon after, Estonia (18%) and Latvia (17%) reached similar levels (I Know Politics). It cannot though be compared to Sweden (43%), Denmark (37%) or Finland (37%).According to Kozma, women and men have different theories of perceiving gender issues in the world today. Women believe that it is not entirely right to think that only they are guilty for the current position in the political area. In a party, a woman gets to hold a position if this is desire by men (feminis.ro). Maria Grapini, the current candidate for mayor of Timisoara (Romania), notice that it is also true, however, that women are hesitant to support each other. Moreover, she believes that they must know as well that it takes lots of time to become pols.Mother, wife, business woman, politician It seems hard to believe but a woman can truly manage everything and not in one regular way, but with elegance, style, and determination. Changes in society today are happening quickly and there is no doubt that there are still many unsolved problems. Men as well as women have to learn that gender identities blend to history and not to the modern life. Therefore, it is not the only option of women to beat home and take care of her children. Men, as well as women were habituated same rights and possibilities to grow professionally and individually. Therefore, the main goals are protection of womens rights and remotion of discrimination in society by eliminating the existed stereotypes from peoples minds.Work CitedAidis, R. (1997). Moter verslininki problemos. -Moterys tapatumo paiekos. Lietuvos filosofijos ir sociologijos insti tutes. Moter informacijos centras. Vilnius.Blackburn, R.M., Jarman J. and Siltanen S. (1993). The outline of Occupational Gender Segregation Over Time and Place Considerations of mensuration and Some New Evidence, Work, Employment and Society.LaFont, Suzanne. (1988). Women in Transition Voices from Lithuania. State University of New York Press. Albany.Women in Lithuania more educated, earn less but their role is increasing. 5 March, 2008. Retrieved on 4 November, 2010http//irzikevicius.wordpress.com/2008/03/05/women-in-lithuania-more-educated-but-earn-less-but-their-role-is-increasing/ (worldpress.com)Women in Politics. Retrieved on 4 November, 2010http//www.ipu.org/news-e/wop/37/5.htm (IPU)Statistics Lithuania. Retrieved 4 November, 2010http//www.stat.gov.lt/en/ (Statistics Lithuania)Gender Equality in Lithuania. Retrieved on 4 November, 2010http//www.wikigender.org/index.php/Gender_Equality_in_Lithuania (wikigender.org)Thorsten, Nilges. Gender inequality in politics. Retrieved o n 4 November, 2010http//www.koed.hu/mozaik15/thorsten.pdf (koed.hu)Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved on 4 November, 2010http//www3.lrs.lt/seimu_istorija/w3_lrs.seimo_narys-p_asm_id=5p_int_tv_id=0p_kalb_id=2p_kade_id=3.htm (Nijole Ambrazaityte)Laima Andrikiene. Retrieved on 4 November 2010http//www2.laimaandrikiene.lt/en/ (Laima Andrikiene)President of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved on 5 November 2010.http//www.president.lt/en/ (Dalia Grybauskaite)Category Lithuanian Women in Politics. Retrieved on 5 November, 2010http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CategoryLithuanian_women_in_politics (Wikipedia)Giedre,Purvaneckiene. Women in Lithuanian Society. 1999. Retrieved on 5 November, 2010http//www.iknowpolitics.org/files/HDR%20Lithuania%201999%20-%20Ch.%208%20Women%20in%20Lithuanian%20Society.pdf (I Know Politics)Ana Maria, Kozma. The role of women in society. 5 May, 2008. Retrieved on 5 November, 2010http//www.feminis.ro/feminis/cariera/rolul-femeilor-in-politica-464 (feminis.ro )

Pragmatism American Philosophy

Pragmatism Ameri bum PhilosophyBree Dela RosaWilliam pile submits pragmatism as a concept that can be utilise when subsidence two claims that provide contrasting views. Science, religion, and morality each(prenominal) present diverse view on unalike issues, and throng suggests that pragmatism can be employ to settle these views. For James, the concept is significant as it offers mountain with a form of overcoming dilemma when faced with different perspectives from science, morality, and religion and opposite fields. Indeed, through the application of pragmatism, one realizes that the three argonas that present divergent views are not in any competition. Further, for James, pragmatism is a order of settling metaphysical disputes that might oppositewise be interminable (James, 94) he believes that the loyalty has no correspondence with knowledge and we should come to an agreement and act on the truth to make it true. An analysis of the lecture reveals the pragmatic metho d which is in advance(p) by James, but at the same time raises objections which can be addressed by Jamess com bitds.James begins his analysis by presenting the pragmatic method and how it can help in solving metaphysical disputes. In this instance, James gives the example of the arguments surrounding the question of whether the world is one or many. Indeed, apparitional and scientific arguments have been advanced to explain whether the earth is one or many. James palisades that there is no applicative loss in the viewpoints consequently the notions are unending (James, 94) meaning that the application of the concept pragmatic method in such a case is to deduce the respective consequences of each argument, for example from science and religion. If pragmatism demonstrates that there is no practical difference between the arguments, then they are principally the same (James, 94). This example brings come in Jamess primary thesis that the pragmatic method can be used to resolv e the disputes that arise from different schools of thought. If both parties in the argument do not present a considerable difference that would make their argument correct since the disagreement is idle (James, 94), therefore, the distinction makes no sense or has no meaning. For example, in the argument in the number of worlds, science may make a claim that there are some worlds bit religion maintains that there is the only one which implies that there is no practical difference in both arguments.James and other scholars advanced the pragmatist theory of truth. In his lecture, James argues that truth is the property of our beliefs. These ideas, which themselves are but split of our experience become true just in so farther as they help us get into satisfactory relations with other parts our experience (James, 100). In this instance, James argues that one must be satisfied with the experiences that they have with the belief so that they can deem it to be true. For example, Jam es gives a case of a squirrel and a man expiry around a tree with the latter apparently hiding from the man. However, he reminds his friends that it depends on what they mean by going around to get which political party is right. The example that he gives to present this theory is how geologists, biologists, and philologists presented their ideas ground on events.However, I contemplate that some of the claims that James makes about truth can be criticized. For example, I disagree with James that truth can only run across when the consequences are good as well as work in each way. Additionally, James argues that truth only happens to ideas that are based on previous events. For instance, if a sweet medication is given during a clinical trial and it works, Jamess pragmatism would not be applicable since it is not based on any previous(prenominal) event.Nevertheless, James can address this reprehension by referring to his views presented in the lecture. Notably, the theory of tr uth can provide him with a foundation for arguing against such an argument (James, 100). James can argue that his view of reality is based on an analysis of previous events and observations by other philosophers hence my argument does not hold like in the case of biologists and geologists (James, 100). Moreover, James argues that the claims must be based on events mend my claim is not necessarily based on any. For example, the concept that I would come up with can be criticized by James as something that is not based on any past or new events hence cannot be true (James, 100). His argument builds on the occurrence of past events while my concept does not. The idea that I came up with does not finish any aspects of the theory of truth presented by James. Hence it could be wrong.Conclusively, William Jamess pragmatism is a concept that can be used to resolve different viewpoints. With the fields of science, religion, and morality presenting divergent views on various aspects with ea ch counselor-at-law arguing that theirs is true, pragmatism can help in resolving such disputes. Indeed, James provides an analysis of various examples such as the number of worlds and the squirrel and man to demonstrate his pragmatist method and the theory of truth. In general, it is up to an individual to answer on whether they agree or disagree with Jamess pragmatism.

The Politics of Turkish National Identity Essay -- Political Turkey Es

The Politics of Turkish National Identity ?Modern Turkish National identity has been cause by events that have taken place in the region throughout its history. The formation of the national identity can be attributed to dickens dichotomies of policy-making thought and culture. Some people necessitate to keep in clientele with misfire?s modern history as a unsanctified westernized country looking to join the European Union while others hearken back to the days of the Ottoman Empire and wish to make Turkey a divided Islamic give tongue to. Conflict between those who consider themselves Turks and the Kurdish separatist party, a militant rebel force, has long shaped the ever-changing Turkish national Identity. Today, Turkey in many ways has had ?to vary from a strict observance of the guiding principals of Turkey?s modern history and the figure of self-perception and views it aimed to in even-tempered in the population? (Kushner 232). Although the most westernized of all pump-East countries, Turkey still must deal with Islamic fundamentalism prominent in the area. In new-fashioned history, Turkey has done a poor job balancing the differing desires of the members of its participation some would like to homogenize and westernize society while others want to be recognized as a deeply religious and somebody sector of the Turkish population. MODERN HISTORY? The country of Turkey, as we have a go at it it, has only come about in the last 80 years or so. Before this time, the land of present day Turkey was referred to as Anatolia. Anatolia is considered the bridge that connects the Middle East to Europe. Despite years of occupation by differing nations, the area of present day Turkey has held some consistency and perseveration. This continuity is possible because even though many count... ... The Kurdish Experience. Jul.-Aug. 1994. PP 12-15. Mutlu, Servet. ?Ethnic Kurds in Turkey A Demographic Study? International Journal of ? Middle East Studie s. Vol. 28, No. 4. Nov. 1996. PP 517-541.World of Information Business Intelligence subject field Turkey. Walden Publishing Ltd. ? 2000. i Often considered as state socialism. In Turkish use, it involves state control of some industries and public services.ii A follower of the larger of the two primary denominations of Islam.iii A member of the smaller of the two great divisions of Islam. The Shia originated in a dispute over who should be the legitimate successor to the seer a majority of early Muslims accepted the tradition of community consensus to adopt the leader, but a minority supported the claim of Ali, the Prophets cousin, to inherit the chill of leadership (A Country Study).

Jürgen Habermas’ The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere Ess

In this essay I will discuss Jrgen Habermas The Structural Transformation of the Public field of honor Inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (1962), and the ideas presented surrounding the prevalent region. What I will investigate is whether or not the post-modern phenomenon of new media (e.g. the internet) could in fact present a new-wave of national expanse, or is just other platform for mass-media. I will also explore the public sphere model, and discuss its decline (due to either political or economic reasons). I will look in particular at the 21st Century, and the try of a possible public sphere in the modern day, as well as the factors which could have extinguished the public sphere in the early part of the 20th Century, not just looking to Habermas doctrine but also other social commentators like Noam Chomsky & Del Sola Poole. The Public flying field (Habermas 1962) is a term coined by German sociologist and philosopher Jrgen Habermas, as he believes, the publ ic sphere social structure directly proceeded feudalism in European society. It comes from the two separate factors of the public ( referring to public authority the state) and the hush-hush(referring to the idea of economy, society and the family) coming together for rational critical fight about the world around them. Habermas believes that this was initially started with the literary public sphere which allowed people of all social standing to discuss art and literature, unremarkably in public places like coffee ho engrosss and salons. From this branched the political public sphere, where private people (not working for the government, or influenced by it) came together to use reason critically and analysed (and often opposed) ideas present in government. W... ...tion.Outhwaite, W. ed (1996) The Habermas lecturer Cambridge UPCrossley, N. & Roberts, J.M (eds.) (2004) After Habermas new perspectives on the public sphere. Oxford University bosomCurran, J (1978) The press as an agency of social control an historic perspective.G, Curran, J. & Wingate P. (eds) Newspaper History from the 17th Century to the present day. London police constable printAtton, C (2002) News cultures and new social movements Radical news media and the mainstream media, journalism studiesBrendon, P. (1982) The Life and death of press barons. London Secker & WarbugKoss S (1984) The nip and tuck and Fall of political Press in Britain Vol 2- The Twentieth Century chapel service Hill and London University of North Carolina Press,Herman S & Chomsky N (1988) Manufacturing Consent The Political Economy of the Mass Media London Vintage press

The History of Film Essay examples -- Informative, Film

A study deepen that has occurred in the development of train is the linearity of narrative. The history of film spans over one hundred years ago, with classical narrative appear in Hollywood around the nineteen thirties. The classical narrative halt had a strong emphasis on linearity and coherence, where characters where goal centred and tenacious in personality and action. In the nineteen sixties a change began to emerge in Hollywood, with Breathless (Jean-Luc Godard, 1960) breaking the editing rules, and narrative coherence, with the ledger entry of jump cuts. This film among other(a)s greatly contributed to the outburst of non-linear narratives, a narrative proficiency wherein events are portrayed out of chronological order. In the twenty-first coke a range of independent films with a variety of non-linear narratives have been get mainstream release. Within this essay I will briefly explain the assorted types of narratives and the reasons for their popularity.The direct orial intent for many non-linear narratives back be to evoke mood, maintain suspense, hint the malleability of memory, signify dream, and above all to provide visual pleasure. The contact that a spectator can feel from a non-linear narrative can offer both a sense of pleasure and relation. The fact that it is up to the viewer to keep up, put things together, and make sense of the narrative provides a sense of satisfaction, and can become the reason they are watching the film. Removing the chronological order of a story and rearranging its components can make a it to a greater extent compelling than if the scenes progressed in chronological order. An advantage of non-linear narrative is its ability to involuntarily feed the viewer information. This means that th... ...d anthology. Abstract series acts independently or semi-independently of the conventional relationship of narrative time, space, and causality whilst anthology, or multi-strand narrative, consist of a series of sho rt stories which originally appear to be detached, yet device out to share the same world in which the events occur. Dissimilar to other narrative structures, anthology shakes from a central character to a multi-character narrative where characters shift in and out of prominence. This type of narrative assists in maintaining suspense passim the entire film. An ostentatious example of an anthological narrative is Love Actually (Richard Curtis 2003). The romantic comedy delves into different aspects of love as shown through ten describe stories involving a wide variety of individuals, many of whom are discovered to be interlinked as the film progresses.

Future Perspective in Intelligence :: essays research papers

Future Perspective in impudentsworthiness informationApproximately two decades from now, a more improved and efficient serve well for gathering crucial information for the success of a company pull up stakes be caveat to only generals, their staff, and registered Chief Executive Officers. This get out maintain to companies that substantiate revenues in excess of three billion dollars. This new applied science depart bring the latest foreign political, military, economics, and technical information to the intelligence analysis, warning, and operations process. The collection process will cover approximately 7,582,000 publications (by keywords), 1,000 radio receiver stations 8,258 television stations, 13,000 news agencies, 258,5478,856,685 Internet sources, and 9, 000 databases in 466 countries and 277 languages (world wide). A new Military Occupation Specialty will have to be designated to complement this new intelligence collection process. It shall be manned 24 hours a da y and seven days a week.Transmittal of intelligence will be easier than clicking a mouse. Portals that resemble telephone booths will be attach in undisclosed positions throughout the US military. The ingresss will be intemperately guarded and missile proof. Once a request for information has been authorize through the appropriate chain of command, the process will start in order received. Since the collection process is so powerful and speedy, time bare-ass information is not a problem no matter how many an(prenominal) requests are ahead of it. The analyst will step in the portal and speak his or her request into the 25-inch LCD monitor. Within two proceedings your search engine will have queried the above mentioned resources. You will have the option to print screens, send as a secure e-mail, or transmit via encrypted voice message.Depending on the plausibility of the results from the query, we might be able to use cloning to confirm information for the military intelligenc e cells. The US government will clone people of a potential threat. after the subjects have been cloned, the clone will have two microchips inserted into its brain hold group. One will be the primary collector and the other will be a secondary collector. The microchip will have detailed instructions on what is needed to accomplish the mission.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy on Education Statement

Philosophy of breedingThe field of teaching is one of undoubted complexity that has questioned the nature of pupils, knowledge, and education since the starting of time. Due to the dynamic and controversial quality of this area, it is necessary for a likely teacher to develop his or her personalized doctrine of education, whether it is a hodge-podge of several(prenominal) standard examples or one clear viewpoint. My own philosophy derives from a little bit of each of the five basic philosophies with essentialism marginally advance on top and existentialism representing the least of my teaching attitudes. These aspects influence my personal views of the nature of students and knowledge, and the purpose of education, what I think will be my methodology of teaching, and how I feel about what should be included in class and why.In order to be an objective, encouraging teacher, I believe that the students should be viewed in the dress hat light as possible. Rousseaus theory of th e impressive savage exemplifies this point that people are basically good. Although religiously speaking, I have been taught the sinful nature of humans, I cannot hold this against my students as release will provides the stipulation that people do will do what they emergency to do. Therefore, guidance is important to steer students toward desirable qualities such as cargo hold for learning and responsibility. This guidance should accompany the mindset of giving them the benefit of the doubt. If a teacher starts classes thinking the students are naturally difficult and reluctant to learn, the exit of achievement does not bode well, according to the Pygmalion effect. Thus my view of student nature combines the notion of the presumed receptive student and the beha... ...in preparation for the future and out of the blue(predicate) circumstances. It is true that plans whitethorn change, but a guideline is helpful at this point to ensure the right steps are being interpreted towar d my desired goals.I do not mean for my educational philosophy to be so confusing or contradictory by including so many mixed elements. But, right now, I do not take to discredit any principles that I find remotely noteworthy that may end up being crucial components of my approach. In addition, I genuinely doubt my philosophy will be completely unchanging, even as I embark on my professional career. Nevertheless, I look in front to all the experiences and philosophical exposure that will continue to shape my steering of thinking so that I truly can be the best teacher I can be.Works CitedWoolfolk, A. (2004). Educational Psychology one-ninth Edition. Boston The Ohio State University.

Essay --

Imagine yourself strapped upright in a chair, so tightly that you can move no issue, not even your head. A sort of embroider grips your head from behind, forcing you to look straight in front of you. This place is larger than most of the cells you had been in. alone you hardly notice your surroundings. All you notice is that thither are two small tables straight in front of you, severally covered with green baize. One is and a meter or two from you the other is further away, near the door.For a moment youre just then the door opens and I come in.You asked me once whats in board 101. I told you that you knew the answer already. Everyone knows it. The thing thats in Room 101 is the rack up thing in the world.The door opens again. A guard comes in, carrying something made of wire, a box or basket of some kind. He sets it down on the further table. Because of the position in which Im standing, you cant see what the thing is.The lash thing in the world varies from individual to i ndividual. It may be burial alive, or death by fire, or by drowning, or by impalement, or fifty other deaths. There are cases where its some quite fiddling thing, not even fatal.You move a little to one side, so that you have a better view of the thing on the table. Its an unsubdivided wire henhouse with a handle on top for carrying it by. obstinate to the front of it is something that looked like a fencing mask, with the concave side outwards. Although it is trey or four meters away from you, you could see that the cage is divided longitudinal into two compartments, and that theres some kind of creature in each. Theyre scorpions.In your case, the worst thing in the world happens to be deathstalker scorpions.A sort of premonitory tremor, a fear of youre not certain what, ha... ...ck panic takes hold of you. Youre blind, helpless, mindless.As didactically as ever It was a common punishment in antique Persia.The mask is closing on your face. The wire brushes your cheek. And t hen -- no, its not relief, only hope, a tiny fragment of hope.Youre falling backwards, into enormous depths, away from the scorpions. Youre dummy up strapped in the chair, but youd fallen through and through the floor, through the walls of the building, through the earth, through the oceans, through the atmosphere, into outer space, into the gulfs between the stars -- always away, away, away from the scorpions. Youre light-years distant, but Im lock away standing at your side. Theres still the cold touch of wire against your cheek. But through the darkness that envelopes you, you hear another metallic click, and know that the cage door had clicked shut and not open.Wake up now.

Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers

After thinking about all the things we would gyp this year in Americanhistory I decided to do my project on the experiences of Vietnam Warveterans. There is a lot of list as to whether or not the VietnamWar veterans are given teeming recognition for what they went through. I haveheard horrible stories of US soldiers expiry from US bombs, shell shock, andsoldiers returning to America and not being fit to function as activemembers of society due to the horrors of the contend. All I really know aboutthe war is what I have seen on television. I wanted to learn about the warthrough the firsthand accounts of those who were on that point.The Vietnam War was a military struggle fought in Vietnam from1959 to 1975. It began as an elbow grease by Communist guerrillas (or Vietcong)in the to the south, backed by Communist unification Vietnam, to overthrow thegovernment of South Vietnam. The struggle grew into a war amidst SouthVietnam and North Vietnam and ultimately into an internati onal conflict. The linked States and around 40 other countries supported South Vietnam bysupplying troops and munitions, and the USSR and the Peoples res publicaof China furnished munitions to North Vietnam and the Vietcong. On bothsides, however, the burden of the war fell mainly on the civilians.1On January 27, in Paris, delegations representing the United States,South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the Provisional RevolutionaryCommunist Government of South Vietnam sign-language(a) an Agreement on Endingthe War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam. The armistice officially went intoeffect on January 28. Both the US and North Vietnam asseverate that therewere no secret peace terms.2All the US trash forces had withdrawn from Vietnam by March1973, but not without major losses on both sides. Two gazillion Vietnamesewere killed and 3 million were wounded. The extensive use of napalm anddefoliants (such as Agent Orange) left many mickle badly burned, anddestroyed the ecology of a countr y that was mainly agricultural.This is an alpha part of US history because it was the first war inwhich there was no clear winner. 57,685 US soldiers were killed, and triplethat amount were wounded. Even those who returned to the United stateswithout physical damage suffered from depression, and had to live withmemories of the carnage and destruction that they saw. What bothers meabout... ...arried, but quite decided on throwing it away, so that he wouldnt be up to(p) to. Soeventhis early in the war, the horrors of the POW camps were already known.I believe the worst torture Stafford had to endure was being withoutwater. As succession passed, Staffords awareness shifted away from his physicalpain and the uncertainty of his post and focused on one single fact andsensation he was thirsty... He got down off the stool, onto his knees, andlicked the floor where he tiles joined, hoping some water had a accumulatedthere. When that failed, he tried licking modify places on the wall,ho pingthat some water had sweated through.6 It was only his second daytime withoutwater, and he had to wait three more.The book continues to describe the horrible conditions in the rooms,the small amounts of food, and the torture that they had to go through onoccasion, but never was any soldiers ordeal described the way Staffordshad been.Its amazing how some people can persevere. After spending cardinalyears as a Vietnam POW Stafford was released. When he returned homehis wife was still waiting for him, and the only problem he suffered wasoccasional depression.

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

One night, Gatsby waylays notch and nervously asks him if he would like to take a swim in his pond when Nick demurs, he offers him a trip to Coney Island. Nick, initially bewildered by Gatsbys solicitousness, realizes that he is anxiously waiting for Nick to arrange his confluence with Daisy. Nick agrees to do so. Gatsby, almost wild with joy, responds by offering him a job, a "confidential sort of thing," and assures Nick that he will non have to work with Meyer Wolfsheim. Nick is somewhat insulted that Gatsby wishes to reimburse him for his help, and so declines Gatsbys offer. It rains on the day that Gatsby and Daisy are to meet, and Gatsby fetchs extremely apprehensive. The meeting takes place at Nicks dramatics and, initially, their conversation is stilted and awkward. They are all inexplicably embarrassed when Gatsby clumsily knocks everywhere a clock, Nick tells him that hes behaving like a little boy. Nick leaves the touch alone for a few minutes when he retu rns, they seem luminously happy, as though they have just concluded an embrace. There are divide of happiness on Daisys cheeks. They make their way over to Gatsbys human beingssion, of which Gatsby proceeds to grant them a carefully rehearsed tour. Gatsby shows Daisy newspaper clippings detailing his exploits. She is overwhelmed by them, and by the opulence of his possessions when he shows her his vast collection of imported shirts, she begins to weep tears of joy. Nick wonders whether Gatsby is disappointed with Daisy it seems that he has made of her a goddess, and though Daisy herself is alluring she cannot peradventure live up to so grandiose an ideal. Gatsby has Ewing Klipspringer, a mysterious man who seems to live at his mansion, play "Aint We Got Fun" (a popular song of the time) for himself and Daisy In the morning, in the eveningAint we got cheerGot no money, but oh, honeyAint we got fun As Klipspringer plays, Gatsby and Daisy draw closer and closer together Nick, realizing that his presence has become superfluous, quietly leaves. AnalysisThe exchange between Nick and Gatsby that opens this chapter highlights the uncertainty at the heart of their relationship is Gatsbys friendship with Nick merely expedient that is, is he merely using him to draw closer to Daisy or is he very fond of him? The question cannot be absolutely decided while it becomes shed light on that Gatsby has great affection for Nick, it is also true that he uses his money and supply as leverage in all of his personal relationships.

Discrimination and Liberty Essay -- Definition Essays Race Prejudice P

Discrimination and Liberty How much should we forethought if people break up? In answering this question, maybe its a life-threatening idea to say what we mean by discrimination. The most internally coherent definition is that discrimination is the act of choice. Thus, discrimination is a necessary accompaniment of life - people do and must choose. When one selects a university to attend, he must non-select other universities - in a word, he must discriminate. When a mate is chosen, there is discrimination against other possible contenders. In the inaugural instance, we call it university discrimination and in the second case mate discrimination. Thus, when the margin discrimination is modified by words such as race, sex, or university and mate, one merely states the criterion upon which choice is being made. Is there a virtuous distinction to be made when one makes a picking based on arbitrary distinctions when he chooses a university as foreign to making similar arbitrar y distinctions when selecting a mate, employee or any other object of desire? In mate selection, people routinely discriminate by race. How does that act morally differ from choosing employees by race? We live that social sanction is granted when race is drug abused in selecting a mate but not granted in the case of selecting employees. just about people competency offer that when people select mates by race there is no one-on-one or social ill-use done whereas in the case of race discrimination in engagement there is private and social harm done. On further thought, it sewer be easily shown that such a proposition clearly does not hold. At the private level, when a black male indulges his racial preferences by marrying a black female, that act reduces the opportunity set of white females that might ha... ...ence. Other ways argon through taxes on profits, economic canon and occupational licensure. In general, preference indulgence is subsidized whenever government dictat es the terms and conditions of exchange. While many of us, including me, find some aspects of racial discrimination morally repulsive, we must at the same time recognize that freedom of connectedness should be our overreaching value. Valuing freedom of association does not mean that we are helpless in registering revulsion to various forms of discrimination. There are private social sanctions that can be exercised similar to those exercised when people behave impolitely, use vulgar language, or disrespect elders. But the largest contribution to racial accord is for us to keep government limited to its legitimate or moral functions namely, preventing force, fraud, theft and initiation of violence.

Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest - The True Villain :: Shakespeare The Tempest

 The True Villain of The Tempest    On June 2, 1609, louver hundred colonists set out in nine enthralls from Plymouth in link with the imperial Virginia Company. It was the aim of this expedition to fortify John Smiths colony in Virginia. While eight of the partys vessels securely arrived at Jamestown, the flagship, called the Sea jeopardize , was conspicuously absent. This ship --which carried the fleets most valuable cargo, the admiral Sir John Somers and the future regulator of Virginia Sir George Somers --was separated from the other eight during a fierce storm take away the coast of Bermuda, the legendary Isle of Devils, dreaded by superstitious sixteenth-century sailors. William Strachey describes the agitation which precipitated the ships wracke in a letter dated July 15, 1610 a dreadfull storme and hideous began to nurse from out the North-east, which swelling, and roaring as it were by fits, some houres with more fierceness than others, at length di d beate all light from heaven which like an glare of darkenesse turned blacke upon us, so much the more fuller of horror. The Sea Adventure was rebuilt on the island, which was not as menacing as the storm itself, and approximately a year later the ship rejoined the fleet in Virginia. By many, this was deemed a miracle.Some believe it was this shipwreck that prompted Shakespeare to write this political, yet diverting play which involves usurpation, tauntery, love, reconciliation and forgiveness.It all starts with Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, being banished by his brother, Antonio, who illicitly usurps the throne. Basically, the first thing Antonio does in scene I is curse the boatswain Hang, cur, hang, you whoreson, insolent noisemaker, we are less afraid to be drowned than thou art. This already suggests that Antonio is not the nicest of dukes. He is a very authoritative man, he rent not do anything, he lets people do it for him. As the ship splits, he still curses the boatswain and does not get involved with the dread(a) attempts of the mariners to steady the ship.When they find themselves stranded on the remote island, all draw Antonio and Sebastian see that which is good around them, Gonzalo remarks how their clothes are surprisingly clean. Antonio and Sebastian mock Gonzalo and the others for seeing good where they only sees rottenness and corruption. Their cynicism clearly show they do not agree, they mock them with witty word-play

Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Vonnegut Cats Cradle

Vonneguts Cats cradle vs Our Assumptions Regarding War, Progress, and ReligionIf one of Vonneguts purposes for writing is to poisonous substance minds with humanity (qtd. by Scholes, per Griffin), then the weapon of choice in Cats Cradle, is satire. Cats Cradle poisons minds only by revealing the toxins that atomic number 18 already present in the system. Vonneguts brand of satire serves as a sort of syrup of ipecac on human folly, and if we are to make a better world as he would have it, we should understand how truly virulent human endeavor can be.Cats Cradle holds no punches on convention all(prenominal)y held beliefs and opinions. Whether in escort to trust or science, business or government, sex or war, all topics are at the mercy of Vonneguts lampooning. The issue of religion is certainly a major target for Vonnegut, and he ingeniously uses irony to satirize apparitional folly. Cats Cradle introduces the new, non-religious religion of Bokononism, which, according to its own doctrine, is entirely based on lies (14). By merely asserting that Bokononism is a more truthful religion because it is based on lies, it becomes as error-ridden as any other religion, including Christianity. An standard of this is in Chapter 3, not coincidentally entitled Folly. Here, we are introduced to an Episcopalian charr who claims to understand God and His Ways of Working perfectly (13). When John (or Jonah) discovers that this adult female cannot read a simple blueprint for a doghouse, he sardonically suggests that she ask someone to get God to explain it to her, and in her ire at his effrontery, the woman fires him. John ends the chapter by stating she was a fool, and so am I, and so is anyone who thinks he sees what God is Doing (13). All of this is correct according to Bokonon, we are reminded (13), but we mustnt forget that Bokononism is a religion based on lies.

Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe and the Virtues of Protestantism Essay

Robinson Crusoe and the Virtues of Protestantism legion(predicate) people have pointed out that Robinson Crusoes experiences on the island seem to be a reflection of the growth of civilization and society. Considering the prominent role that religion plays in the novel, it would be worthwhile to examine the progression of religious and political thought process in Crusoes society. Through the experiences of one man, we can observe the progression of religion from the private realm to the public realm, the fights inherent in such a progression, and the resolution to these conflicts. This evolution of religious and political thought affirms two ideas 1) in the personal realm, it affirms religious individualism--the idea that one can and should find his paragon independently from any human authority or intermediary (i.e. priests) and 2) in the public realm, the novel affirms that religious toleration, especially on the part of those in power, is the appropriate way to resolve those conflicts that are inherent in the passage of religion from the private to the public. Crusoe discovers (primarily through trial and error and constant introspection) some(prenominal) of these ideas and eventually succeeds in implementing both of them. He finds god without the guidance of anyone, and he ultimately becomes a tolerant ruler of the island with respect to religion. Surprisingly, Crusoe never lives up to his personal definition of a good Christian. But perhaps this is sound a touch or realism by Defoe, since Crusoe is otherwise so successful at recognizing religious individualism and instituting religious toleration on the island, both of which are very important to Defoe. The first step in the religious progression of Crusoe is his personal di... ...bsolute morality of Christianity, primarily with regard to cannibals and others whom God had apparently chosen to be left in the dark (this scruple pops up multiple times--142, 151, 168). For in these questioning sce nes, Crusoe does not exempt Protestantism from judge he is questioning Christianity in general, and whether or not its hold on truth is real or illusory. It seems to me that Defoe was concerned with religious toleration for more(prenominal) than selfish reasons he saw religious toleration as a moral responsibility of all Christians, including Catholics and Protestants, and as the only resolution to the conflict between the personal and public realms of religion. So Robinson Crusoe turns out to be good as concerned about toleration in general as it is about the virtues of Protestantism. At least in Robinson Crusoe, Defoe turned out to be fairly open-minded.

The negative impact of telecommunication on society :: essays research papers fc

"Watson, come here I want you." This was the first sentence which was transferred by Alexander Graham Bell to his assistant (Reiman). When Graham succeeded in transferring a human office throw a machine, he realized that he invented a untried instrument which will make communication betwixt people easier and faster. Day by Day, scientists started to improve and develop what Bell started and tested to make matters of communication easy to use and available to either people. Recently, unsettled phones, short message (SMS) and multimedia message (MMS) services, and the Internet have father available to most people in developed countries almost all time. Such new communication performer have unconsciously modify style of most people, especially the young, as they depend heavily on them in their daily life. Many sociologists have started the notice that human behavior in federation has been affected negatively. Therefore, many another(prenominal) sociologists have carr ied out huge research to study the impact of new communication authority on the way we behave and act. Some people disagree and believe that the new means of communication have made life easier and helped human beings to carry through time. However, communication through mobile phones, SMS and the Internet is not as efficacious as spunk to face interaction people who depend in the main on technological means in communication might teach many bad habits and become isolated, persons who could weaken family bonds and, consequently, negatively affect society in the long term.Some people believe that the new means of communication have a genuinely effective role in our lives. Mobile phones have made communication between people a lot easier. It is very easy to arrange a holiday, change an appointment or ask about family by calling. Moreover, using the short messages has become very popular. It is a very cheap and fast way to communicate. In addition, many people believe that tel ecommunication devices do not only exit us to communicate with people that we have a go at it, but also the new means of communication allow us to make new friends and get to know about other cultures around the world via the Internet. People nowadays cash in ones chips hours chatting with friends around the world Many Internet users arrest that text and voice chatting have made people open minded and social. Despite the occurrence that Communication through technological means is easy and fast, it is not as effective as the face to face interaction. Some people deem that making a call can make you in reach out and replace meeting someone and talking to him yet, meeting face to face has another taste.

Tennessee Williams :: essays research papers fc

Everything in his lifespan sentence is in his plays, and everything in his plays is in his life,Elia Kazan said of Tennessee Williams. Williams, who is considered to be thegreatest Southern playwright, inserted many of his own personal experiencesinto his writing, because he found no other means of expressing things thatseemed to demand expression (Magill 1087). He stated that his chief(a)sources of inspiration for his works were his family, the South, and the multiplewriters he encountered in his life. Therefore, he presented Americantheatergoers with unforgettable characters, an incredible vision of life in theSouth, and a deeper subject matter of the concept he called poetic realism (ClassicNotes 1). Poetic Realism exists as the repeated use of everyday objects, sothat they would produce a typic meaning. Often, Tennessee Williamswriting was considered to be melodramatic and hysterical however, it is thehaunting and powerful life experiences included in Williams writing that makeshim one of the greatest playwrights in the news report of the American drama.Thomas Lanier Williams began his life March 26, 1911 as the secondchela of Cornelius and Edwina Williams. His bugger off, Cornelius, managed a shoewarehouse and was a stern businessman. Cornelius bouts with drinking and gambling (habits that Tennessee later inherited) made him increasingly abusiveas Tennessee grew older. Tennessee, his mother, his older sister, blush, andhis young brother, Walter, lived with Tennessees maternal grandparents until1918, when his arrest was transferred to his firms main office staff in St. Louis. Although, he began living with his father at age seven, his father remainedemotionally absent throughout his life. His mother, however, smotheredTennessee with her aggressive showings of affection. The move to St. Louiswas burst to Tennessee, Rose, and Edwina. The change from a small,provincial town to a big metropolis was very difficult for the lower class family. Because of the ridicule from other children, her fathers abuse, and her mothersunhappiness, Rose was destined to spend nearly of her life in mental institutionsand she quickly became emotionally and mentally unstable. Edwina allowedRoses doctor to perform a frontal lobotomy on Rose this event greatly disturbedWilliams who cared for Rose throughout or so of her adult life. Tennesseeremained aloof from his younger brother, because his father repeatedly favoredWalter over both of the older children. His parents often engaged in violentarguments and Tennessee, Rose, and Walter repeatedly encouraged theirmother to leave their abusive father. Williams family life was full of strain anddespair however, he said he found therapy in writing. unable(p) to bear his life at home, Tennessee began his lifelong

Solar Heating Essay -- Solar Sun Energy Essays

Solar Heating It seems self-evident that, as a global society, we must transition eventually from the nonrenewable fossil fuels we shortly rely on to renewable sources of energy such as biomass, wind, and oddly solar energy. The latter, though it involves some difficulties, which we will talk about shortly, is especially attractive, I think, because its source is the energy departd by the sunniness, which is so vast that, according to some, if it could be effectively harnessed, twain days worth of solar energy could provide more power than all known fossil fuel reserves. (Duke Power) Because I will be getting a house of my own in just a few years, I decided that an interesting motion for study might be solar heating. There be twain different kinds of solar heating, so I will briefly discuss them some(prenominal)Active Solar Heating There are two different kinds of active solar heating systems air and liquid. In both kinds of Active Solar Heat ing, flat plate solar energy collectors are installed on the roof or on the ground. Most often, the side that faces the sun has a glass or plastic cover and the inside lacuna is a black absorbing material. Air systems use air to capture, transfer, and retentivity heat produced by the collectors, while the liquid systems use water or an antifreeze solution. From there, fans or pumps deliver the heat to the house. Ultimately, I feel I would choose for the liquid system, because they cost less to operate and ta...

Post Traumatic Stress and the Brothers Relationship in The Red Convert

heat content Fosdick once said, The calamity of struggle is that it uses mans best to do mans worst. In The Red Convertible by Louis Erdrich, there is a encounter amongst two brothers, hydrogen and Lyman as ones awareness towards reality is shifted upon the return of the Vietnam state of war. Henrys experience fighting in the Vietnam War is the responsibility for the unheralded aftermath that affects their brotherhood. The event of Henry fighting in the war through fears, emotions and horrors that he encounters is the source of his Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome PTSD. It has shaped his make perception of reality and his descent with his brother Lyman and the strong bond that they had shared. War transforms a person in ways that can never be imagined. Living in a war as well as fighting in one is not an experience witnessed in universal life. Seeing battalion die every time and everywhere you go can be seen as an unpleasant experience for any individualist such as Henr y. The experiences that Henry had embraced during the Vietnam War have caused him to become an enraged and paranoid being after the war. It has shaped him to become this individual of concern and with no emotions. The narrator saysthe change was no good. You could hardly expect him to change for the better, I know. But he was quiet, so quiet, and never comfortable posing still anywhere but always up and moving some (Erdrich 28). It appears that the war in Vietnam has still gotten into Henry. The war may be oer in reality but in his mind it is still passing on. This can explain all the agitations and discomfort he has such as not being able to sit still. Based on research, what Henry was experiencing was shellshock from the battlefield from the many soldiers being killed to t... ...s inner self. What is seen as a relationship amongst these two young men is now torn apart by the transformation of Henry caused from his witnesses during warfare.The reality that shapes individuals as they fight in war can lead to the resentment they have with the world and the tragedies that they had experienced in the past. Veterans are often times overwhelmed with their fears and sensations of their past that comm scarcely disables them to transgress and blistering beyond the emotions and apprehensions they witness in posttraumatic experiences. This is also seen in everyday lives of people as they too experience traumatic events such as kinfolk 11th and the fall of the World Trade Center or only when by regrets of decisions that is made. Ones fears, emotions and disturbances that are embraced through the past are the only result of the unconscious reality of ones future.

Essay --

In the essay In Praise of Margins, the author Ian Frazier explains the idea that marginsare required in peoples lives to prevent us from going insane. He believes that as the world gets more jammed up and complicated, that people claim margins where they can express themselveshow they want and try new things with come out of the closet people adjudicate one another. He states that as the world gets more jammed up, we fill margins where you can try out odd ideas that you mightbe shitless to admit to with people looking on. When Frazier was a child, he would go out in the woods and play with his friends, not worrying about anything and however freeing his mind. His imagination was limitless and he felt like he could do whatever he wanted to do without being triskaidekaphobic of other peoples reaction. Frazier conveys the idea that we need a abound-dance from our busy purpose-filled lives, and take a step away from naturalism. I t all toldy with Frazier and his views on marg ins because a lot of the time we need a break from the wild day to day routine that people are complicated in. If we take place in marginal activities or find our suffer marginal place, then we will be much more fortunate at our goals in lifetime. Marginal paces are very valuable in our life and people should somehow incorporate it their daily lives in enunciate to free themselves from theirstressful life. As a child, I experienced a world of imagination where I was able to do anything I wanted and take my mind out of the world that I lived in. Whether it was a veritable activity I was involved in or a specialized place I went to, I got to clear my mind of all the things that were bothering me. sluice to this day I still go to my own marginal place. With all the stress that college has like finals... ... all, people need and should have marginal places, activities, and things in order to be successful in their life. Having margins in your life makes it easier to remember ab out difficultdecisions and it can be less stressful when transaction with complex situations. I agree with Fraziers views on marginal places, activities, and things, and forecast that everyone should have their own marginal place or activity. According to Frazier, a book without margins is impossible to read. This proclamation imposes that attempting to live your life without margins would be ineffective, and you would end up facing more and more problems, causing your life to be more stressful. If people incorporate margins in their life, and escape from reality for a brief period of time, then they can achieve their goals in a less stressful way, and end up feeling break in as a person.

Kent State Massacre :: essays research papers

The Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsThe Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were authored in secret by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in response to the repressive extraterrestrial and sedition Acts passed in 1798. In the opinion of Jefferson and Madison, the Acts were unjust. They also represented a major victory for the Federalists. By writing the Resolutions, Jefferson and Madison spearheaded the protests of those against the unknown and Sedition Acts and those in support of stronger states rights. Although the Resolutions were successful in the two originating states, they did not wipe out much success in the other states. Still, the new ideas presented in the Resolutions were around revolutionary. Although the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and 1799 were not very successful, they were important because they provided necessary arguments for the supporters of greater states rights against the proponents of a stronger underlying government.The Alien and Sedition Acts played major roles in the coming astir(predicate) of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Passed in early 1798, the Acts laid cut a number of vinegarish restrictions on foreigners. The Alien Act stretched the minimum years for eligibility for naturalization from flipper years to fourteen years. It also gave the President the power to expel either alien from the country. The Sedition Act was even harsher it gave the government the right to blast anyone accused of seditious activities. The Sedition Act thus cracked down on many Jeffersonian newspapers which criticized the government. Of course, Jefferson criticized these Acts he even cal conduct them worthy of the eighth and 9th century (2 / p.174). With these laws the Federalists were thought to be stifling the power of the Jeffersonians.Through the Alien and Sedition Acts, those in support of a stronger federal government achieved a major victory. The Acts gave new powers which were not dictated in the Constitution to both the executive and legislative branches. The Federalists were able to pass these acts with their logic based upon barren translations of the Constitution, especially the elastic clause. In peacetime, these Acts would not have had a opportunity in being passed, but the undeclared war with France had riled up Congress enough to accept these loose translations.The opponents of the Alien and Sedition Acts were led by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Acts the Republicans launched an clap on what they believed were breaches of the Constitution. The attack on the Alien and Sedition Acts was based upon the strict construction surmisal of the Republicans.

The Theme of Black Leadership in Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison,

Ralph Ellisons interest in effective black leading is directly reflected in invisible creation. The characterization of Bledsoe in the beginning of the fable is that of a ruthlessly self-serving black leader (McSweeny). In chapter five, a mythic model for black leadership is outlined in the sycophancy of the founder of the college, which is given by Homer A. Barbee (McSweeny). While Invisible Man is residing in the apartment of Mary Rambo, she drills into his head the importance of leadership and responsibility. In chapter thirteen the anger of the crowd watching the eviction begins to rise, and as matchless onlooker observes that All they need is a leader (Ellison 274). These events lead to Invisible Mans first act of leadership when he delivers a spontaneous diction to the crowd. Invisible Man comes to realize that the fundamental problem confronting a strength black leader is the lack of an infrastructure (McSweeny). He states, ...we had no money, no intelligence apparatu s, either in government, business or in tote unions and no communications with our own people excep...

Tess Of The Durbervilles: Coincidences Lead To Consequences Essay

The popular opinion that the order of things is already decided and that peoples lives are determined by this "greater military group" is called fate. Many people, called fatalists, believe in this and that they have no power in determining their futures. Despite this, macrocosmy others believe that semblance is the altogether explanation for the way their lives and others turn out. Thomas Hardy portrays chance and attendant as having very significant roles in "Tess of the dUrbervilles" continuously. Three such coincidences were rather an influential and had large effects on Tesss future. The first being that Tess Durbeyfields buzz off, sight that their family came from the oldest, (and at one time) most wealthiest family in England. Another event that occurs by mere chance in Tesss life is when Tess slips a letter of plea underneath both her lovers door and (by accident) the carpet, where he could not see it. The last(a) coincidence would be the death of Tesss father, which not only leaves Tess in a state of deprivation, but also the rest of her family including her mother and six siblings. totally of these coincidences had consequences that would change Tesss life,.For the first 16 years of her life, Tess Durbeyfield and her family lived in a middle-class-like position in the town of Marlott. Since her father, was a life-holder on the cottage in which they lived, his cast was above the farm laborers. However, John Durbeyfield is not in good health when we meet him and he does not put much interest in working, and instead spends time drinking. Upon returning to his home(a) one evening, Durbeyfield meets a man named Parson Tringham who tells him that the Durbeyfield family is the "lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the dUrbervilles, who . . . came from Normandy with William the Conqueror."(p. 18) This news short changes Durbeyfields view on his familys lifestyle and he decides that they should be living as their knightly and noble ancestors once did.With this new lifestyle in head teacher for his family, Johns wife, Joan Durbeyfield recalls that a man by the name of dUrberville lives not far from their home and might be able to help them in their hard times, see as how he is kin to them. After the death of their only horse, the Durbeyfield family essential do something to sustain themselves, but Mr. Durbeyfield ref... ... comes of this major coincidence in Tesss life, because if her father hadnt died and Angel hadnt returned at just the right moment, she would not have killed Alec and would not have been sentenced to an execution for her crimes.Through each and every one of these coincidences, Tesss life changed quite dramatically. Each event that occurred by complete chance left Tess in a predicament where she was compelled to take control and do something to improve the situation. No matter where she was--in the location of her birthplace, a sheltered little town, o r in the comfortable landscape that surrounded the dairy, or even in the rasping scenery of the farm-- Tess always knew where she belonged and what she was meant to do in each place. Every coincidence or occurrence that came along, forced Tess to rethink her situation and draw up the courage that to realize who she was and where she was going. The consequences that came, due to her decisions were all ones that Tess was ready for. Even when sixteen men followed her so that she could be punished for the murder of Alec dUrberville. "It is as it should be. . .This comfort could not have lasted. . .I am ready." (p.417)